Common faults of transformers are mainly as follows：
Transformer Coil Faults
Transformer coil faults account for 72% of total transformer faults, indicating a highly prominent issue.
Transformer Core Overheating
Causes include multi-point grounding, short circuits between silicon steel segments, and zero-sequence magnetic flux leading to overheating of core clamps.
Overheating of the Coil Conductive Current Loop
Primarily due to poor contact of the tap changer and loose lead wire joints.
Transformer Bushing Failure
Includes issues such as capacitor core deterioration, moisture ingress, and joint heating.
On-Load Tap Changer Failure
Operational failures may include poor contact and component aging.
Cooler Failures
Issues such as oil seepage, air leakage, metal particles contamination, oil pump and fan mechanical failures.
Breathing Issues of the Oil Storage Cabinet
Malfunctions of the pressure release device and gas relay, and poor breathing of the oil storage cabinet capsule.
High-Voltage Reactor Specific Issues
Overheating of the core and clamps, coil insulation damage, and partial discharge occurrences.
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