How Transformers and PDUs Work Together for Data Center Power

The Role of Transformers in Data Center Electrical Design

Transformers are the heart of any data center electrical design. These devices convert high-voltage electricity from utility companies into a power level suitable for internal distribution. In the most extensive facilities, converting power from the grid into the resource infrastructure of the data center requires both medium voltage and high voltage transformers.

MV and HV transformers are placed at the entry point of service to receive high transmission voltage power, such as 11kV, 33kV-138kV, or above, and then convert it down to levels manageable for downstream equipment, such as 400V or 415V. This conversion assures that loads like UPS, PDUs, and IT hardware receive stable and consistent power.

A well-integrated transformer setup is essential for:

• Reducing power loss
• Improving the energy efficiency of data centers 
• Complementing redundancy and load management measures 
• Reduce the chances of overloading or faults

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What does a PDU do in a data center?

A Power Distribution Unit (PDU) is one of the important components in any data center, being primarily responsible for distributing electrical power to the interconnected IT equipment inside server racks. PDU receives this power from upstream sources like  transformers and UPS systems 

After stepping down of voltage through MV or HV transformers and stabilization through data center UPS, PDUs ensure that power is guaranteed for delivery safely and reliably to servers, switches, and storage systems.

Basically, a PDU represents the last link in the power chain, taking conditioned power from the UPS and delivering it via a multitude of outlets to the connected devices. 

PDUs also play a key role in:

• Power Management within Data Centers
• Improving Data Center energy efficiency
• Support redundancy through dual power feeds
• Monitoring power metrics to manage of average power consumption in a data center.

How Transformers and PDUs Work Together

In a data center, Transformers and PDUs work together and form a power delivery chain that ensures reliable, efficient, and safe operation for all the It hardware. The transformer and PDU work together to convert and deliver power from the grid to every mounted server and networking device. 

So the process begins with, first of all, MV or HV transformers recover high voltage power from the grid, which usually comes in 11kV, 33kV or even higher. Transformers then step down these voltages to usually 400-415V, which is more usable and safe to operate for data centers. 

Power then flows through:

1. Switchgear for isolation and protection
2. UPS for  backup and power conditioning 
3. And then finally it went into PDU, which then distributed it to the IT equipment
4. So on one hand, transformers manage voltages; on the other hand, PDUs ensure fine distribution of power to every device in the data center. 

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Integrating UPS Systems in the Power Chain

UPS is important in data center power flow. It works as a backup unit in case of power disruption. It also conditions the power received from the transformer, regulates it, and filters out harmonics. 

UPS works between the transformer and the PDU, working as a kind of bridge. As Transformers provide step-down voltage and PDUs manage final power to IT Hardware, UPSs, in the meantime, ensure clean, stable, and continuous power even during outages or fluctuations. 

Where UPS Fits in the Power Flow:

1. Grid Power →
2. MV/HV Transformer →
3. Switchgear →
4. UPS System →
5. PDU Data Center →
6. IT Equipment

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Conclusion

A transformer plays an important role in the Data center Power management by working with the grid and converting a higher voltage to a lower one. Afterwards, PDUs receive this step-down voltage from transformers and then finely manage to distribute it to devices.  Transformers and PDUs work together and ensure seamless power to every device in the data center.

With data centers expanding and adopting high-density computing, the relevance of an integrated electrical design centered on robust MV/HV transformers is increasing by the day. 

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Our transformers mainly focus on quality, energy efficiency, and worldwide compliance standards to optimize data center power consumption and maintain continuous uptime. 

Whether a new construction or the upgrade of existing infrastructure, Daelim Transformer has the knowledge and equipment required to confidently power your data center. Contact us now for your Data Center Project.