Different Transformer Types and Their Applications
The transformer is a stationary instrument that is used to manage the voltage and current of an AC electrical supply. They play an important role in power systems and are used in vast applications.
They can be classified into various types according to voltage level, core material, windings, and their usage. In this article, we will provide you with insights about the different transformer types and their applications.
What are the major types of transformers?
The major types of transformers are divided into four categories. These are the voltage level, core material, windings, and their usage.
According to its voltage level
Voltage levels of a transformer are determined by the number of windings on its primary and secondary sections. There are three subcategories under this type. The Step Up, Step Down, and Isolation Transformer.
Step Up Transformer
This type of transformer can convert voltage levels from low input voltage to high output voltage which is made possible by having more turns on the secondary windings.
It is often used in power distribution systems where the voltage level has to be increased prior to distribution and it can also be used to connect generators to the power grid.
Learn more: What Are The Main Information and Specs of A Step Up Transformer?
Step Down Transformer
This transformer type can receive high voltages in the primary and convert them to lower voltages in the secondary. Its output voltage can range from as low as 5V which is compatible with phone charging and up to 48V.
It is commonly used to step down high voltages from the grid before supplying it to the downstream area such as households and manufacturing plants.
Read more: Step Down Transformer: The Ultimate FAQs Guide - Daelim
Isolation Transformer
This transformer type has uniform windings across the primary and the secondary. Isolation transformers are literally used to isolate specific devices or equipment from the line.
This is primarily done to secure the equipment and the surrounding environment from potential noise and electric shock. It is commonly used in industrial, commercial, and medical applications.
According to its core material
The transmission of energy in the transformer is governed by the core material, structure, and corresponding flux density. There are two subcategories under this type, the Iron Core Transformer, and the Air Core Transformer.
Iron Core Transformer
This transformer's core material is composed of several metal plates made of iron. Iron Core type transformer is known to have higher efficiency compared to Air Core type transformer since iron is ferromagnetic which leads to higher flux linkage.
It comes in different constructions or individual laminations which can be E-shape, U-shape, L-shape, and I-shape.
Try for free: The Ultimate Guide to Core Type Transformers
Air Core Transformer
This type of transformer flux linkage across windings is facilitated by air alone. This results in lower mutual inductance, however, there is no magnetization lag and Foucault's current is eradicated.
According to its windings arrangement
Transformers can have different winding arrangements. There are three subcategories under this type.
Three Winding Transformer
This type of transformer is generally relatively high, with three winding compositions, with three voltages: high voltage, medium voltage and low voltage
Two Winding Transformer
Typical transformer set-up where there are two individual windings bounded magnetically. The primary receives power from the source while the secondary is routed to the load.
Auto Transformer
Unlike the typical transformer, these transformer windings are linked in series with a shared common coil. Voltage is changed based on the corresponding position of the center tapping.
According to use
The transformer can be used as power transformer, measurement transformer, and as distribution transformer.
Power Transformer
These are used to transport energy across substations and the grid that supplies power downstream before it goes to the final distribution system. It is mainly used to convert voltages from low to high which is vital in lowering power losses.
It usually comes in huge sizes that can handle ranges from 30kVA up to as high as 100 MVA.
Get it now: How To Choose The Suitable 110KV Power Transformer?
Distribution Transformer
Receives power from power transformers and converts it to lower voltages compatible with utility distribution. They are smaller in size anywhere lower than 200kVA.
This can further be classified according to how it is insulated, it can either be an oil-type or a dry-type transformer.
Reading on: How to choose the best distribution transformer?
What are the 5 applications of transformers?
Transformers application is wide, the five most common applications are the following:
Industrial
Manufacturing industries require different power supplies. In the steel industry, manufacturing plants are able to sustain their daily activities with the help of high-voltage transformers that are specialized to deliver very high currents at varying voltages. It is designed to manage massive mechanical, dielectric, and temperature demands to run a steel furnace.
Transformers do play an important part in the electrochemical industries. Electroplating is carried out smoothly with the aid of rectifier transformers. This transformer type is also essential in other industrial applications like smelting plants and rolling mills.
Regulation
One of the fundamental applications of transformers is to regulate the voltage to stabilize power. It can regulate electric current to increase efficiency and protect electrical devices from damage caused by unexpected power surges.
Isolation
Transformers are also used for specific instruments that are required to be isolated for safety or other special requirements.
Modern Application
Transformers are not left behind when it comes to advancing technology. An example of an advanced application of transformers in modern times is charging large batteries used for electric cars.
Other modern applications include data processing, medical, aerospace, military support, communications, and crypto mining.
Power Distribution and Transmission
Transformers are deemed important for the power sector. It basically makes power available for domestic, industrial, and commercial use.
From the power plant, power transmission and distribution are made safe and affordable with the help of transformers. It secures the transmission of high voltages across the lines while another transformer is responsible for converting these high voltages to a level that is usable and safe for electrical devices.
Read my article on: How much do you know about oil-immersed distribution transformers?
Which type of transformer is most commonly used?
The most commonly used transformers are the power and distribution transformers. You might not recognize it but they are literally everywhere and anywhere where there is electricity.
From individual homes, small and big businesses, industrial zones, manufacturing and mining sites, to substations and large power grids.
Why do transformers only work with AC?
The working principle of the transformer follows Faraday's law where power or electromagnetic field is generated by the varying current which is only possible with an Alternating Current supply or source.
On the contrary, when you supply a DC load to a transformer, the current supply is constant with no variation thus, no electromagnetic field is formed. No voltage is passed on the other side and the whole system is not producing anything.
Since there's no varying frequency, the inductive reactance is none existent and the system is left with very low resistance. In this scenario, the current flows in excessive amounts that are too much for the windings to handle. It could blow up and cause irreversible damage.
How often should transformer oil be changed？
If properly used, maintained, and controlled, transformer oil can last for 20 years or more. However, there are certain instances that the oil can get contaminated. Contamination can lower performance or can result in a bigger problem.
As part of the maintenance process, transformer oil quality is monitored by performing the following tests:
Leakage test
Dielectric strength test
Moisture Content
Neutralization test
Dissolved Gas Analysis Test
Tan & delta test
Sudden pressure relay
At Daelim Belefic, we carefully chose our transformer oils. With that, you are guaranteed that each oil-type transformer unit is paired with high-quality transformer oils. We use two types of transformer oils, the FR3 high-fire-point dielectric fluid, and High-grade mineral oil
Learn more about transformer oil: What is the difference between mineral oil and vegetable oil？
Envirotemp FR3 high-fire-point dielectric fluid Features
Fire safety
Environment-friendly
High flash point
High fire point
Superior insulation system
Extends transformer life
High-grade Mineral Oil Features
Low viscosity
Rapid heat transfer
Low dielectric loss factor
Reduce acid and sludge formation
Prevents power loss
Extends transformer life
How to choose the correct transformer type?
Choosing the right transformer could be a difficult task but not if you know what to look for. Below we have shortlisted the most important details you must know in a transformer before you can say that it's the right one for you.
Try for free: How To Purchase 3000kVA Transformer In USA & Canada?
Rated Power
This corresponds to the maximum current and voltage a transformer can render. Oversizing may be good but could also cause substantial losses.
On the other hand, cutting edges on the size is even worse. You might not notice it at first, but the windings get exhausted over time, which may implicate declining efficiency and shorter lifespan.
Primary and Secondary Voltage
The primary voltage refers to your source while the secondary voltage refers to the voltage requirement of your set-up, device or equipment.
Frequency
This is expressed in hertz. To get the right transformer, it must be able to match the frequency of a particular electrical device or equipment during its operation.
Single Phase or Three Phase
These are other options you must consider, single phase transformers are more economical. They are easier to handle and maintain.
On the other hand, three-phase transformers are more powerful and suited for heavier power requirements.
Keep reading: 3 Phase Pad Mounted Transformer-Daelim Belefic
What Daelim Transformer has to offer?
A wide variety of transformers range from small single-phase distribution transformers to massive mega-size transformers. With over 15 years of manufacturing experience, continuously aim to serve every customer's needs.
As Daelim continues to innovate, we bring our service closer. With that, we have strategically installed local after-sales teams around North, South, and Central America so it's easier for you to reach us in case you need any assistance or if you have any inquiries. Here are some of the Daelim Transformers in demand.
Three Phase Oil Immersed Small Substation Transformer
Capacity: 750 kVA to 15000 kVA
Primary Voltage: 13800V, 23000V, 34500V or others
Secondary Voltage: 208V, 12470V, 13200V, 13800V or others
Frequency: 50/60Hz
Insulation Fluids: Mineral insulating oil, Envirotemp FR3 Fluid
Power Transformer
Capacity: up to 240 MVA
Primary Voltage: up to 230 kV, up to 900 kV BIL
Frequency: 50/60Hz
Insulation Fluids: Mineral Oil Inhibited | Not inhibited | Vegetable Oil
Three-Phase Pad Mounted Transformer
Capacity: 10 MVA
Primary Voltage: 2400 to 44000 V
Secondary Voltage: From 120Y/208V
Frequency: 50/60Hz
Insulation Fluids: Mineral Oil, Silicon Oil, and Vegetable Oil
Learn more about Pad Mounted Transformer
Single-Phase Pad Mounted Transformer
Capacity: 15 to 250 kVA
Primary Voltage: 34.5 kV to 19.92 kV, 13.8 kV to 7.957 kV, 13.2 kV to 7.62 kV, 12.47 kV to 7.2 kV and others.
Secondary Voltage: 120 to 240 V, 240 to 480 V, 347/600 V, or others
Frequency: 50/60Hz
Insulation Fluids: Mineral Oil Inhibited | Not inhibited | Vegetable Oil
Single-Phase Overhead Transformer
Capacity: 5 to 167 kVA
Primary Voltage: 2400 to 19,920 V
Secondary Voltage: 120 to 600 V
Frequency: 50/60Hz
Insulation Fluids: Mineral Oil and Vegetable Oil
Learn more about Single Phase Pad-mounted Transformer
Standards
Daelim transformers are UL/cUL, CSA, IEEE, and CESI certified. Well-designed and manufactured to attain the highest quality in accordance with international standards for transformers such as ANSI/IEEE, CSA, AS/AZS, DOE, NEMA, IEC, GOST, and or according to customer’s requirement.
3 MVA Transformer
A 3 MVA transformer is an electrical device designed to transfer electrical energy between circuits using electromagnetic induction. It has a capacity of 3 megavolt-amperes (MVA), which represents its maximum power-handling capability. The MVA rating is determined by the voltage and current the transformer can handle.
There are various types of 3 MVA transformers, including pad-mounted transformers, skid-mounted transformers, and dry-type transformers.
For reference, here are some specifications of a skid-mounted 3 MVA transformer:
Capacity: 3 MVA
Mounting type: Skid-mounted
Transformer type: [Specify the type of transformer, such as oil-immersed or cast resin]
Input voltage: [Specify the voltage level at the primary side]
Output voltage: [Specify the voltage level at the secondary side]
Cooling method: [Specify the cooling method used, such as oil or air]
Efficiency: [Specify the efficiency rating of the transformer]
Protection: [Specify the protection features included, such as overcurrent protection or temperature monitoring]
Please note that the specifications may vary depending on the specific manufacturer, application, and industry standards. It is always recommended to consult the relevant technical resources or experts for accurate and up-to-date information on 3 MVA transformers.
| High Voltage | Low Voltage | Accessories |
| 13200GrdY/7621V | 13200GrdY/7621V | 65℃ average winding temperature rise rating |
| 34500GrdY/19920V | 600GrdY/347V | 75℃ average winding temperature rise rating |
| 12470GrdY/7200V | 800GrdY/462V | 55/65℃ average winding temperature rise rating |
| 13800GrdY/7968V | 415GrdY/240V | 65/75℃ average winding temperature rise rating |
| 25000V | 55/75℃ average winding temperature rise rating | |
| 24940V | K factors such as K13 | |
| Stainless steel housing Biodegradable insulation fluid Gauges with contacts Greater efficiency Surge Arrestors |
6.3MVA Transformer
A 6.3 MVA transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy between circuits through electromagnetic induction. It has a capacity of 6.3 megavolt-amperes (MVA), indicating its maximum power handling capability.
Here are some optimized specifications for a 6.3 MVA transformer:
Capacity: 6.3 MVA
Rated voltage: Typically operates at a voltage range of 15-44 kV.
Cooling method: Transformers are cooled to dissipate heat generated during operation. Common cooling methods include oil-immersed (using transformer oil for insulation and cooling) and forced air (utilizing fans or blowers).
Impedance: Typically designed with an impedance ranging from 5% to 10%.
Efficiency: Efficiency ratings generally exceed 95%, although slight variations may occur depending on country-specific standards.
Voltage stabilization: Transformer voltage stabilization ensures a consistent output voltage within a specified range, even with input voltage fluctuations.
Protection functions: Transformers may include various protection devices and functions, such as temperature sensors, overcurrent protection, and fault detection systems.
It's worth noting that specific details and specifications for 6.3 MVA transformers can vary based on manufacturers, industry standards, and application requirements. For the most accurate and up-to-date information, it is advisable to consult technical resources, and transformer data sheets, or seek guidance from experts in the field.
DB Transformer is a trusted supplier and manufacturer of high-quality transformers. With a wide range of transformer types, capacities, and voltage options, we are committed to meeting your specific needs. Whether you require a customized solution or a standard product, DB Transformer delivers excellence in both product quality and professional services. Trust us to provide you with reliable transformers and exceptional customer support.
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