Basic Guide to Transformer Substation
The transformer substation is a facility where voltage is altered to facilitate the transmission of electric energy from a power plant to a distant location. The voltage must be elevated to a high level for transmission and subsequently lowered as necessary near the end-user. This process of voltage increase and decrease is accomplished by the substation. As a crucial element in the power system, a substation enables the transformation of voltage, reception, distribution of electric energy, power flow control, and voltage adjustment. The transformer, as the core equipment in the substation, plays a vital role. The substation is primarily designed as a high-voltage facility with medium voltage or a high-voltage substation with a lower high voltage. It occupies a large area and is divided into different zones based on various voltage levels and capacities.
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What is a Transformer Substation?
In the power system, a substation acts as the nexus for transmission and distribution. Substations come in various types, including step-up, step-down, user, and system substations. Despite their diversity, all substations incorporate transformers, switchgear, lightning protection equipment, and control systems, with the transformer serving as the core component.
Reading more: What You Need To Know About Substation Transformer
Types of Transformer Substation
Classification According to Voltage Level
Substations are categorized based on voltage levels, encompassing low-voltage substations (0.2kV, 0.4kV), medium-voltage substations (6kV, 10kV, 15kV, 22kV, 35kV), high-voltage substations (66kV, 110kV, 220kV, 500kV), and ultra-high voltage substations (500kV and above).
Classification According to Grid Location
Intermediate Transformer Station: Typically installed outdoors with an input voltage of 110-220V and an output voltage of 22-35kV.
Distribution Substation: Positioned downstream of intermediate substations, converting power from 11-35kV to 400-220V, commonly used in factories or construction sites.
Transformer Substation Equipment
Transformer Substations encompass various equipment, including power transformers, earthing systems, circuit breakers, station batteries, disconnecting switches, protective relays, isolators, lightning arrestors, busbars, potential transformers, and current transformers.
Get it now: Power Transformer In Substation
Types of Distribution Stations
Pole Mounted Substation
A compact and self-contained electrical substation mounted on a utility pole. It transforms and distributes electrical power in areas where space is limited or where a traditional substation might not be feasible. This type is commonly used in urban, suburban, and rural areas.
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Gantry Transformer Substation
Often used in outdoor settings where space is available, and a traditional building may not be practical or necessary. The gantry structure provides a platform to install and organize the necessary electrical components for power distribution. These substations can be found in various environments, including industrial areas and utility installations.
Grounding Substation
Also known as a Grounding Transformer Substation, it is designed to provide effective grounding and protection for the power system. The main purpose is to establish a low-resistance path to the ground for fault currents, ensuring safety and protecting equipment.
Indoor Substation
Housed within an indoor facility, it is commonly used in densely populated areas, residential neighborhoods, or locations where space constraints, aesthetics, or safety considerations make indoor installations preferable.
Kiosk Substation
Also known as a packaged substation, it is a compact and self-contained unit that houses various electrical components for power distribution. Commonly used in urban areas, industrial facilities, and locations where a quick and efficient solution for power distribution is needed.
Prefabricated Substation
Typically consists of high-voltage rooms, transformer rooms, and low-voltage rooms. It serves as a straightforward power transformation and distribution unit, finding applications in various settings such as high-rise residences, luxury villas, parks, residential areas, factories, mines, oil fields, and temporary construction sites.
Try for free: What are the types of prefabricated substations
Traction Substation
Serves the function of converting three-phase high-voltage alternating current into two single-phase alternating currents. Essential for supplying power to electric locomotives and urban transportation systems such as subway railways.
Classification According to Purpose of Use
- Outdoor Transformer Station: Suitable for factories or production areas, characterized by large size and capacity.
- Indoor Transformer Station: Ideal for densely populated areas, offering aesthetic appeal and enhanced safety.
How Many Transformers Are in a Substation?
Substations typically feature one or two power transformers alongside distribution equipment, protection devices, and more. Prefabricated in factories, substations are transported to installation sites in assembled form.
How Do Substation Transformers Work?
Substations play a crucial role in connecting power grid components. They distribute power through medium-voltage switchgear, converting high voltage to low voltage or vice versa, ensuring efficient long-distance power transmission.
Learn more: Transmission Transformer | At The Power Lines
The function of The Power Transformer in the Substation
Transformers in substations reduce power losses during transmission. Step-up transformers transmit power with high voltage and low current for long-distance transportation, while step-down transformers decrease voltage for distribution to end-users.
Keep reading: The Ultimate Guide To Step Down Transformer
Difference Between Power Transformer and Distribution Transformer
Power transformers are designed for efficient operation under 100% load, typically used under full load. In contrast, distribution transformers operate efficiently between 60% and 70% of the load. Other distinctions include insulation quality and load fluctuations.
Daelim - MV & HV Transformer Manufacturer
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